Implications of climate change on surface temperature in North Indian states: evidence from CMIP6 model ensembles

Introduction: The significant impact of climate change on temperature is an important topic discussion as it rises globally. Hence, the present study designed to investigate profound influence by considering North Indian States. Methods: In this comprehensive case study, CMIP6 models are used behaviour in states India under 1.5°C and 2°C warming scenarios. Comparisons made between observed surface data from Climatic Research Unit (CRU) ensemble mean simulations CMIP6. Results Discussion: indicate that effectively depict climatological patterns with negligible discrepancies. Under both scenarios, extreme temperatures show increase compared preindustrial periods, suggesting elevated risk future severe heat events. Temperature changes relative period around 1.5°C, 3°C, 4.5°C for present, respectively. Return analysis shows a rise approximately 4.5° over return time 60 years. These findings highlight importance models, valuable studies, emphasize need accurately enhance model iterations’ precision simulating regional climates. Urgent mitigation strategies vital curb mitigate potential adverse impacts region. Conclusion: provides critical insights into India’s behavior, underscoring significance proactive measures address challenges within